منابع مشابه
Classification and Reductio-ad-Absurdurn
Proofs for the optimality of classification in real-world machine learning situations are constructed. The validity of each proof requires reasoning about the probability of certain subsets of feature vectors. It is shown that linear discriminants classify by making the least demanding assumptions on the values of these probabilities. This enables measuring the confidence of classification by l...
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Sometimes it is pragmatically useful to prove a theorem by contradiction rather than finding a direct proof. Some reductio ad absurdum arguments have made mathematical history and the general issue if and how a proof by contradiction can be replaced by a direct proof touches upon deep foundational issues such as the legitimacy of tertium non datur arguments in classical vs. intuitionistic found...
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This paper studies the analysis of reductio ad absurdum by Ibn Sı̄nā (known to the Latin West as Avicenna), who was born in 980 in a village near the Bactrian town of Balkh on the Silk Road, and died in 1037 after a career spent moving around within the present boundaries of Iran. References to Ibn Sı̄nā’s writings are to his Arabic texts listed in the bibliography, and are given in the format pa...
متن کاملReductio ad Absurdum Argumentation in Normal Logic Programs
This paper introduces a new method for defining the argumentative semantics of Normal Logic Programs. In doing so, our single and unified approach allows one to obtain the Stable Models [11] as a special case, or the more general Revision Complete Scenarios here defined. Normal Logic Programs are approached as assumption-based argumentation systems. We generalize this setting by allowing both n...
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In this article, we will discuss an important but underrecognized topic in nephrology. Indeed, indexing glomerular filtration rate (GFR) for body surface area (BSA) is often done by habit, because everyone does it and without raising any questions. Only a scant literature on this topic has been published in recent decades. Regarding guidelines on estimating and measuring GFR, only the Australia...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Annual Review of Virology
سال: 2018
ISSN: 2327-056X,2327-0578
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-vi-05-072618-100011